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Article History

Received: 5 March 2025

Accepted: 24 February 2026

First Online: 3 April 2026

Declarations

:

: H.B., K.L.-H., and S.-S.P. are shareholders of Aspect Neuroprofiles BV, which develops physiology-informed prognostic measures for neurodevelopmental disorders. K.L.-H. has filed the patent claim (PCT/NL2019/050167) “Method of determining brain activity”; with priority date 16 March 2018. TC has served as a paid consultant to F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and Servier; and has received royalties from Sage Publications and Guilford Publications. A.E.-A. is a paid consultant for Aspect Neuroprofiles BV. J.B. has been in the past 3 years a consultant to / member of advisory board of / and/or speaker for Takeda, Roche, Medice, Angelini, Neuraxpharm, and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, and not a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, royalties. P.G. and J.F.H. are full-time employees of F. Hoffmann - La Roche Ltd. T.B. served in an advisory or consultancy role for eye level, Infectopharm, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH and Takeda. He received conference support or speaker’s fee by Janssen-Cilag, Medice and Takeda. He received royalities from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press. The rest of the authors have no competing interests to declare. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.