Crossmark

Spatiotemporal prediction of chlorophyll-a in semi-enclosed gulfs using a hybrid graph neural network-transformer framework with satellite data and causal analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-42388-0

Published Online: 2026-03-18

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Zarbipour, Pouya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8024-9062
Akbari, Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-8710
Nikoo, Mohammad Reza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3740-4389
Kazemi Choolanak, Atefe https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3624-9289
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-18

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-03-18
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Article History

Received: 29 October 2025

Accepted: 25 February 2026

First Online: 18 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.