Wang, Jia
Huang, Chuzhu
Chen, Yan
Huang, Yilin
Wu, Zhuomin
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81801189)
the “Ying Cai Tuo Ju” Program at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (YCTJ-2022-03)
Article History
Received: 23 August 2025
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The MIMIC-IV database has received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Because the database is publicly available and contains no protected health information, the requirement for ethical approval and informed consent for this study was waived.
: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication in this journal.