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Authors
Aziz, Ibrahim M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6970-5207
Alshalan, Rawan M.
Alghamdi, Amal Khalaf
Farrag, Mohamed A.
AlSedairy, Sahar Abdulaziz
Almuqrin, Abdulaziz M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Saud University (ORF-2026-861)
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The research conducted is not related to either human or animal use. However, the collection of plant materials was conducted following the guidelines of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) policies, research involving species at risk of extinction, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). We affirm that the R. pentagyna is not subject to trade restrictions under CITES and is not designated as protected or endangered under either national laws or the IUCN Red List. We further confirm that the collection and use of plant material in this study complied with all relevant institutional and national guidelines and legislation. The cell lines were provided by the Virology Research Laboratory (VRG) group, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. All cell lines were maintained at 37 ℃ and were mycoplasma-free (LookOut ® Mycoplasma qPCR Detection Kit, MERCK).
