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Authors
Li, Yu
Luo, Zihan
Zhang, Bingyu
Zhu, Wenyao
Zhang, Jinlian
Li, Zizhao
Zhang, Lingyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82303218)
Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (2308085QH285)
Key Program of Anhui Provincial Department of Education (2022AH051438)
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval for the study was granted by the clinical trial ethics committee (No. 2023023) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, and all patients provided written informed consent. Ethic approval was exempted for public resource by the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University according to the description of national legislation guidelines, such as item 1 and 2 of Article 32 of the Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects dated February 18, 2023, China, because the patients involved in the database have obtained ethical approval.
