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Authors
Raffa, Gabriella A.
Tyree, Regina N.
Carson, Kate
Allaman, Margaret M.
Beaulieu, Dawn B.
Dalal, Robin L.
Pabla, Baldeep S.
Scoville, Elizabeth A.
Horst, Sara N.
Schwartz, David A.
Washington, Mary K.
Wilson, Keith T.
Coburn, Lori A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (T32DK007673)
National Institutes of Health (P30DK058404)
National Institutes of Health (R01DK128200, I01CX002473)
Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (G-1903-03793)
Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (G-1903-03793)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01CX002171, I01CX002473)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01BX004366, I01CX002662)
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 28 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Declarations
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: D.B.B. has served as a consultant for AbbVie Inc., Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion Inc., Institute of Functional Medicine, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals. R.L.D. has served as a consultant for AbbVie Inc. B.S.P. has served as a consultant for Ossium Health and Prometheus; on the advisory board for Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and Pfizer Inc; and a speaker for Eli Lilly. S.N.H. has served as a consultant for AbbVie Inc., Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Celltrion, and Biocon; and has an educational grant from Abbvie. D.A.S. has served as a consultant for AbbVie Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Avbios and Olympus. However, these agreements and grants had no relationship to the current research study. The remainder of the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
