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Article History

Received: 2 January 2026

Accepted: 28 February 2026

First Online: 6 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (reference number: HPC-001-05-25). Participants were asked to provide written consent; however, some declined signing due to their conditions, such as paranoid delusions, tremors, or vision problems, and, in those cases, they gave their consent orally. They were made aware of their right to discontinue their involvement at any time without consequences. Informed consent was obtained by a trained clinical psychologist, who explained the study procedures, ensured participants’ comprehension, and confirmed voluntariness. The participants’ clinical doctors were informed about the study, and since this was an observational study, the clinical doctors provided approval for their patients to be included. All data were anonymized and stored securely to ensure participant confidentiality. All procedures were approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.