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Authors
Morsy, Mohamed Sherif
Dutta, Nandini Avijit
Eldessouky, Elsaid Ibrahim
Kabil, Mamdouh Mahmoud
El-Koumy, Hamdy Abd El Azim
Mehta, Nehal Nailesh
Ali, Amr Lotfy
Jena, Soumya
Zhang, Haochen
Bartsch, Dirk-Uwe
Cheng, Lingyun
An, Cheolhong
Nguyen, Truong
Freeman, William R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UCSD Vision Research Center Core Grant (P30EY022589)
NIH grant (R01EY033847,)
Research to Prevent Blindness
UCSD Jacobs Retina Center
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 28 February 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the University of California San Diego for review of patient charts and imaging data (IRB #120516). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB. The study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations. All data were de-identified to ensure patient confidentiality.
