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Authors
Duarte-Anselmi, Giuliano https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9724-0796
Sanduvete-Chaves, Susana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-6168
López-Arenas, Daniel
Chacón-Moscoso, Salvador
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidad de Santiago de Chile (University Decree No. 372 and Memorandum No. 43663)
Universitat de Barcelona (PhD Program in the Psychology of Communication and Change)
Chilean National Agency for Research and Development (ANID), FONDECYT program (1250316)
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 28 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The ENSSEX protocol received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Protocol ID 211102002). This study used anonymized, publicly available secondary data and did not require additional ethical approval.
