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Authors
Jia, Mengyao
Li, Duo
Ma, Yong
Liu, Lin
Lin, Shijie
Huang, Ruifeng
Wang, Zhaoyi
Zheng, Weitao
Ji, Xin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation–Joint Fund for Sports Innovation and Development (2025AFD652)
Hubei Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Talents (Q20224107)
Science and Technology Team Foundation of Wuhan Sports University (2021-05)
the East Lake Scholars Sponsorship Program of Wuhan Sports University in China
Hubei Provincial Department of Education of China (D20194101)
the Science and Technology Team Foundation of Wuhan Sports University (21KT02)
Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shangxi Province (2022JQ-051)
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2025
Accepted: 28 February 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuhan Sports University (Approval No.: 2022048). All procedures complied with relevant institutional requirements and local legislation. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. No personally identifiable information was collected; all data was anonymized and securely stored with access restricted to authorized research team members.
