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Authors
Guo, Gaoyang
Qamar, Faizan
Kazmi, Syed Hussain Ali
Ali, Fazlina Mohd
Ali, Ihsan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) from the Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS/1/2023/ICT07/UKM/02/1)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Geran Universiti Penyelidikan (GUP-2024-009)
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 28 February 2026
First Online: 14 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
