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Article History

Received: 29 October 2025

Accepted: 28 February 2026

First Online: 7 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans. The manuscript is in line with the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals and aim for the inclusion of representative human populations. The EE 99 trial was approved by the leading ethics committee of Ärztekammer Nordrhein Westfalen on Mar. 03, 1999 (Ref. vdl/Vo). The EWING 2008 trial was conducted under the sponsorship of the Westfalian Wilhelms University Muenster, Germany, and approved by the leading ethics committee of Ärztekammer Nordrhein Westfalen on Dec. 16, 2008 (Ref. No. 2008-391-f-A), and by the legal authority, the Paul-Ehrlich Institute (PEI), on Mar. 19, 2009 (Ref. No. 736-01). Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in the analyses. For minor participants a consent from a parent and/or legal guardian for study participation was obtained.