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Authors
Zhang, Chunyan
Xiao, Jing
Gao, Xiyu
Guo, Chen
Feng, Na
Zhang, Yan
Han, Tuo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82500364)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82100359)
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Article History
Received: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The review boards of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center approved the use of the MIMIC-IV database. Since the participants were anonymized and de-identified, this study was exempt from the requirements for ethical approval and informed consent.
