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Authors
Han, Wenlong
Sui, Muheng
Gao, Yi
Tao, Pengfei
Zheng, Donghong
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Article History
Received: 24 December 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
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: Not Applicable. This study involves computational analysis of IoT device interaction data and does not involve human participants, human tissue, or identifiable personal data. The dataset was collected from device-level communication logs in a smart campus deployment with appropriate institutional authorization.
: All authors have reviewed the manuscript and consent to its publication. No identifiable information regarding participants has been included.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
