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Authors
Abu-sibaa, Wafa
Abu Taha, Adham
Srour, Mahmoud A.
Hesse, Camilla
Eideh, Hatem
Zyoud, Sa’ed H.
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Article History
Received: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of An-Najah National University (IRB Reference No.: Mas.Oct.2023/39) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All necessary administrative permissions were obtained from the participating hospitals and the Palestinian Ministry of Health. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual blood donors prior to participation in the study. All participants were adults aged 18 years or older; therefore, no legal guardians were involved. All collected data were used exclusively for scientific research purposes, stored securely, and accessible only to the research team. To ensure confidentiality, identifiable information was replaced with numerical codes throughout the study and analysis.
