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Authors
Yan, Xingchen
Ye, Tong
He, Jun
Ye, Xiaofei
Chen, Jun
Wang, Tao
Du, Mingyang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20180775)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (MS25E080023)
Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City (2024J130)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52262047)
Guangxi Science and Technology Key Program (AB25069483)
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (23YJCZH042)
Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (23KJB580011)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All data used in this study are judicial records that are publicly posted on OpenLaw and contain only information that appears in the public judgments. No new data were collected from living persons, and no identifiable private information beyond what is present in the publicly posted judgments was used. This research did not involve direct interaction with human participants, collection of new personal data, biomedical interventions, or the use of human tissue. Accordingly, prospectively obtaining informed consent from individual subjects was not applicable. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant institutional and national guidelines and regulations for research using publicly available documents. The study did not involve experiments on live vertebrates or higher invertebrates; ARRIVE guidelines are therefore not applicable. Under our institutional research policy, secondary analysis of anonymized, publicly available court records is typically exempt from full Institutional Review Board (IRB) review.
