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Authors
Zhang, Hanqing
Xing, Hongfei
Ma, Xiaoping
Jia, Limin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2022JBXT009)
the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety (No. RCS2022ZZ002)
the China Energy Shuozhou–Huanghua Railway Development Co., Ltd (No. GJNY-24-30)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
