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Authors
Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-7949
Wasihun, Araya Gebreyesus
Wolday, Dawit
Abera, Gerezgiher Buruh
Kahsay, Hayelom
Gebrehiwot, Gebrecherkos Teame
Abrha, Tekle Amare
Abay, Getachew Kahsu
Araya, Dangew Weldegiorgis
Embaye, Fisseha Assefa
Kahsay, Girmay Alemseged
Kidane, Kibriti Mehari
Mahmud, Mahmud Abdulkader
Dejene, Tsehaye Asmelash
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
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: An Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University (MU-IRB 2410/2024) provided ethical approval before the data collection, while the Tigray Regional Health Bureau management and selected health facilities issued permission letters. All study participants (respondents) provided written informed consent. To ensure confidentiality in this study, nonspecific identifiers such as unique ART number and Medical record (MRN) numbers were used. All tested women had the right to know their status, and their results were linked formally to each ART clinic. Overall, the ethical aspects of this research were consistent with the Helsinki Declaration.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
