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Authors
Opasrattanakon, Suppakarn
Jaraeprapal, Urai
Punsawad, Chuchard
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University.
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study adhered to the World Medical Association’s ethical standards (Declaration of Helsinki) and received approval from Walailak University’s Ethics Committee (WU-24-041-01). Participants were fully informed about the objectives, methods, and data collection, provided informed consent, and were free to withdraw without consequences.
: Interview quotes were included without identifying participants, and coding was used in the report to ensure confidentiality and protect privacy.
