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Authors
Sharma, Palkhi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4532-2121
Anand, Arun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8759-2472
Pathak, Devendra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3999-3906
Sangwan, Vandana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-8388
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures were performed on client-owned dogs presented for clinical care at the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India, with informed owner consent obtained prior to surgical management. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India, and subsequently approved by the Committee for the Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CCSEA), Delhi (Approval number: (GADVASU/2024/IAEC/71/05).
