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Authors
Awoke, Getenet
Tilahun, Melkamu
Tsega, Temesgen
Assaye, Bayou Tilahun
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Declarations
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: In accordance with the revised Declaration of Helsinki guidelines for human research was performed for this study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Review Board of St Paul Hospital Medical Millennium College (with the ethical approval number SPHHMC/14/01/2023 in August 2023). Tikur Anebessa Specialized Hospital and St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical Colleges’ medical directors wrote a support letter for their cardiac centers (study setting). The research involved human participants but did not involve donors of tissue samples, so we obtained oral informed consent from clients, and then data were collected. Study participants had the right to refuse to join, ask any questions, or withdraw at any time. Privacy and confidentiality were assured.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
