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Single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses uncover immune subtypes associated with programmed cell death features in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-44332-8

Published Online: 2026-03-16

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Zhang, Tiancai

Dou, Dongqing

Liu, Qi

Xu, Dong

Wang, Tong

Liu, Rong

Lu, Danyang

Zhao, Xiaofang

Wang, Senyan

Zhang, Huapeng
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province (252102311286)

Henan Provincial Charity Federation Hepatobiliary Funding (GDXZ2023015)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-16

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-03-16
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Article History

Received: 25 September 2025

Accepted: 11 March 2026

First Online: 16 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Human cholangiocarcinoma tissue samples were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou, China). The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Approval No. 2022-KY-0826-001). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to sample collection.

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