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Authors
Wang, Haibo
Wang, Yaotang
Li, Caixia
Hu, Ruimin
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 23 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: MIMIC-IV is a de-identified, publicly available database approved by the institutional review boards of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Given the de-identified nature of the data, the requirement for informed consent was waived. Co-first author Yaotang Wang obtained access to the MIMIC-IV database after completing the required training on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) platform, including the courses “Study data or Specimens only” and “Conflict of interest” (certification numbers: 59979404 and 59979406).
: All authors have approved the manuscript and have provided consent for submission to the journal.
