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Article History

Received: 6 September 2025

Accepted: 11 March 2026

First Online: 28 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declared that there are no competing interests during this thesis work.

: Written ethical clearance and approval were obtained from Debretabor University’s Ethical Review Committee (Reference Number: DTU/Res/305/2024) to conduct this study . We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of Helsinki. In addition, written permission was gained from the Dera districts’ agriculture office. Data collectors took informed verbal consent from participants after a necessary explanation about the study. Confidentiality was maintained, and the collected data were used only for the purpose of this study.

: We, the authors, declare that this study is original and no portion of this work has been submitted in support of an application for another publication. We also agreed to accept all responsibilities for the provision of required reports as per the terms and conditions of the research publication journals.