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Article History

Received: 22 December 2025

Accepted: 11 March 2026

First Online: 26 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, School of Music (Reference Number: IRB-NJXZU-MUS-2024-018). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment in the recording sessions. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national regulations of the People’s Republic of China. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequence, and all data were anonymized to protect participant privacy.

: The author has reviewed the manuscript and consents to its publication. No identifiable information regarding participants has been included in this manuscript. All participants provided consent for their anonymized performance data to be used for research purposes and potential publication.