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Authors
Nkansah, Charles
Appiah, Samuel K.
Osei-Boakye, Felix
Abbam, Gabriel
Banyeh, Moses
Andoh, Gideon
Somuah, Daniel
Nyamekye, Maurice
Bani, Simon B.
Daud, Samira
Derigubah, Charles A.
Donkor, Faruke N.
Quansah, Yeduah
Ahmed, Madina
Appiah-Kubi, Emmanuel
Owusu, Comfort A. A.
Dramani, Bonaventure
Selleh, Peter K.
Osei-Owusu, Williams
Asare, Gordon A.
Gyedu, Desmond
Chukwurah, Ejike F.
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Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The Institutional Review Board of the University for Development Studies, Tamale, approved all study protocols (UDS/RB/024/22), and conducted in accordance with the ethical standards enshrined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later modifications. Tamale Teaching Hospital gave permission for this study. All 252 blood donors either signed or thumb-printed a written informed consent.
