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Authors
Almandeel, Abdulrahman
Rao, Congjun
Zhang, Xiaolong
Qi, Hui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Planning Fund Project of the Ministry of Education’s Humanities and Social Sciences Research (25YJAZH138)
Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2024J01903, 2025J01393)
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The hypothetical scenario presented in Sect. "Numerical illustration" uses simulated data for methodological demonstration purposes only. No real experts were consulted in this study, and no personal or sensitive information was collected or disclosed. All assessments and evaluations are simulated. As this study involves no human participants, real-world data collection, or personal information processing, informed consent was not applicable.
