Tokach, Rogan
Rinkevich, Frank
Aurell, Dan
Egnew, Nathan
Cargo, Kloe
Williams, Geoffrey R.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agricultural Research Service (58-6066-3-029)
Agricultural Research Service (58-6066-3-029)
Agricultural Research Service (58-6066-3-029)
Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries (ADAI-PROJ 2-2025)
Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries (ADAI-PROJ 2-2025)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (SCRI #2023-51181-41246)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (SCRI #2023-51181-41246)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Multi-state Hatch Project NC1173)
Project Apis m. (M-SGA 312)
Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station
Article History
Received: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.