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Article History

Received: 23 February 2025

Accepted: 16 March 2026

First Online: 30 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.

: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. 35 normal and 27 IVDD samples were taken from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. All specimens were obtained with the informed consent of each patient, The study protocol received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. (No. 2020-L136). All methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines. All protocols in this study were approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Protection and Utilization Committee of Nantong University and the Jiangsu Provincial Animal Protection Ethics Committee (No. S20200323-124), in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH publication no.85 − 23, revised 1996).