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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 19 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The milk used for this study was collected during regular milking procedures from dairy goats. No specific activities were carried out on the animals for the purposes of the study but collecting milk from each half-udder in separate tubes at the scheduled milking time. Animals were farmed and kept in respect of all the guidelines and regulations under the supervision of the farmers and the farm veterinarian. Milking procedures were conducted by trained personnel in accordance with best practices for animal welfare and veterinary care. No experimental interventions or invasive procedures were performed on the animals for the purpose of this research. Therefore, ethical committee authorization was not requested. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and followed the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. The farmers provided their informed consent to collect the samples for the purposes of this study.

: The farmers agreed to use the data for publication without disclosure of the farm identification information.