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Authors
Kim, Minsoo
Youm, Changhong
Park, Hwayoung
Kim, Bohyeon
Choi, Hyejin
Hwang, Juseon
Cheon, Sang-Myung
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1A2C100933711)
Basic Science Research Program through the NRF (2022R1A6A3A0108756411)
Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and NRF (2024S1A5B5A16021673)
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Article History
Received: 26 December 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures involving human participants performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study and its supplementary information files were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Dong-A University Hospital (IRB number: DAUHIRB-22-089) (see ethics approval letter). The study was also registered with the Clinical Research Information Service of the Republic of Korea (KCT0009353).
: All patients provided written informed consent before data collection.
