Zhu, Xing-Yu
Li, Wei
Pan, Xu-Yang
Li, Tao
Yuan, Guo-Liang
Article History
Received: 3 December 2025
Accepted: 18 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The CHARLS baseline and all follow-up surveys received ethical approval from the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment.