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Article History

Received: 4 December 2025

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 25 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All animal procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC-2013-0307) of the Yonsei University College of Medicine (Seoul, South Korea) and were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Male wild-type C57BL/6 J mice (8–10 weeks old, 20–24 g; Orient Bio, Seongnam, South Korea) were housed under controlled temperature and a 12 h–12 h light–dark cycle with free access to standard chow and water. All mice were specific pathogen-free and acclimatized for at least 7 days before experimentation. No prespecified exclusion criteria were applied, and no animals were excluded from the analyses. Mice were euthanized by intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose (2–3 times the standard anesthetic dose) of Zoletil (30 mg/kg) and xylazine (Rompun, 10 mg/kg), after which bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were collected. The study is reported in accordance with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines.