Salman, Amer M.
Mohd, Mohd Hafiz
Almansoori, Ammar Khazaal Kadhim
Manmi, Kawa M. A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Fundamental Research Grant Scheme by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (MOHE). (FRGS/1/2022/STG06/USM/02/1)
Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 18 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.