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Article History

Received: 15 January 2026

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 4 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Verbal informed consent was secured prior to data collection, as written consent is not standard for low-risk surveys involving rural smallholder farmers in Ethiopia due to low literacy rates and local cultural norms. This consent procedure, including the use of verbal consent, was reviewed and specifically approved by Dambi Dollo University Ethics Committee.