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Article History

Received: 8 December 2025

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 8 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study involved two components requiring different ethical considerations. For the bioinformatics analysis component, we utilized publicly accessible datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including GSE165816, GSE68183, GSE80178, GSE134431, and GSE199939. These datasets were derived from previously published studies, each of which had obtained appropriate ethical approval from their respective institutional review boards and informed consent from all participants at the time of original data collection. For the experimental validation component involving clinical sample collection and qRT-PCR analysis, this study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (approval number: 2024-E724-05). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to tissue sample collection. Clinical samples included both non-diabetic control foot skin tissues and diabetic foot ulcer tissues, which were collected during routine clinical procedures. All patient information was anonymized to protect privacy, and samples were processed according to established institutional protocols for human tissue research.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.