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Article History

Received: 19 January 2026

Accepted: 19 March 2026

First Online: 27 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: No human participants were recruited and no animals were used; the study used human-derived biological samples (hDPSCs).

: Not applicable to participant recruitment. This study did not involve prospective sample collections. We used cells that had been previously isolated and characterized from samples obtained before this study. At the time of the original collection of samples from minor participants, written informed consent was obtained from at least one parent and/or legal guardian, and the minor’s assent was obtained when appropriate, according to age and capacity to understand the study. For the present study, samples/cells were handled in a coded/anonymized manner.

: The use of human-derived biological material was approved by the Comité de Ética Científico de la Universidad de La Frontera (CEC-UFRO). Approval No. 031_23.