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Bayesian causal inference reveals declined proprioception, increased integration bias underlie older adults’ stronger visual bias in hand position perception

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-45797-3

Published Online: 2026-04-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kuroda, Naoki

Sato, Yoshiyuki

Harada, Shinya

Teraoka, Ryo

Teramoto, Wataru https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9222-511X
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K18980)

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20H05801 and 23H00076)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-12

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-04-12
More Information

Article History

Received: 16 December 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 12 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors delcare no competing interests.

: The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kumamoto University, and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964).

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before they commenced participation

: The hand image shown in Fig. 1 is the first author’s hand, and the first author permitted its use.

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