Wu, Haotian
Liu, Xianzheng
Jamadon, Nashrah Hani
Li, Feng
Tang, Rongji
Zheng, Liancheng
Funding for this research was provided by:
New Energy Vehicle Intelligent Network Technology Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions Future Industry Engineering Research Centre Project (No. 2025KJS003)
Article History
Received: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.