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Article History

Received: 21 July 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 27 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines for computer vision research involving landscape imagery. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Guilin University of Electronic Technology (Approval Number: GUET-REC-2024-076) and Guilin Tourism University Ethics Review Board (Approval Number: GTU-ERB-2024-152). All landscape images used in this research were collected from publicly accessible areas or obtained with appropriate permissions from property owners. No personally identifiable information was collected or processed during the study. The research protocol adhered to institutional guidelines for responsible AI research and data privacy protection standards.

: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.