Nuamah, Hanson Gabriel
Song, Zean
Takada, Midori
Nishio, Nanami
Endale, Baruck Tegegn
Paththamesthrige, Shalini Enon Perera
Hong, Young Jae
Hamrah, Mohammad Hassan
Wang, Shuang
Luo, Weiming
Matsunaga, Masaaki
Ota, Atsuhiko
Tamakoshi, Koji
Yatsuya, Hiroshi
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22390133, 26293153, 18H03057, 22H03349, 23K24607)
Health and Labor Sciences Research Grants from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (H26-Junkankitou [Seisaku]-Ippan-001, H29-Junkankitou [Seishuu]-Ippan-003, 20FA1002, 23FA1006, and 23JA1006)
Uehara Memorial Foundation
Aichi Health Promotion Foundation
Handashi Ishikai, General Inc. Association
Article History
Received: 24 January 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.