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Authors
Liu, Daoshen
Wang, Jing
Fang, Yi
Xu, Kai
Liu, Haiwei
Yan, Chenghui
Liu, Dan
Han, Yaling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270449)
Liaoning Province Applied Basic Research Program (2025JH2/101330068)
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Article History
Received: 24 November 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board and received formal approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China (Approval No. [2024–12-24]). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for both study participation and publication of anonymized clinical data, including potentially identifiable imaging or histopathological findings.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
