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Article History

Received: 20 February 2026

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests. Ethics All datasets and images involved in this study are non-confidential and can be made public. Upon approval by the Institutional Review Board and with reasonable justification, reasonable data access requests can be made to the corresponding author.

: All participants were fully informed of the study purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits, and provided written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. No coercion or inducement was used to obtain consent, and participants retained the right to withdraw from the study at any time without prejudice.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by School of Information and Intelligence Engineering, Guangzhou Xinhua University Ethics Committee (Approval Number: 21023022023). The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript, and consent to its publication in the journal.