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Authors
S, Ajila Hexil https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3488-0162
Kothandapani, Karthikeyan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-5802
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai
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Article History
Received: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with established ethical guidelines and standards for research in structural engineering. As the research did not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive data, formal ethics approval was not required. All experimental procedures were carried out responsibly, ensuring the safety and integrity of testing methods and compliance with relevant institutional and industry standards. The materials used and the testing protocols adhered to standard codes of practice to maintain transparency and reliability of the results.
