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Authors
Kováčik, Jozef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-0598
Vydra, Marek
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Internal Grant System of the Faculty of Education of the University of Trnava (B17/2026)
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2026
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Committee for Ethics and Research Integrity of the Faculty of Education of the University of Trnava does not require researchers to apply for ethical approval for studies with adults on a voluntary basis and without the collection of personal data. All studies complied with the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and its derivatives. Confirmation of this compliance was later reaffirmed by the Chairman of the Committee for Ethics and Research Integrity of the Faculty of Education of the University of Trnava on May 26, 2025.
: The survey in secondary schools/gymnasiums was approved by the principal of the respective school and consulted with biology teachers and the survey at universities was conducted by approaching random volunteers. Informed consent was obtained from participants in the quantitative phase of the study via personal/oral form: students were informed about the objectives and verbally agreed to participate (implemented between April 2023 and September 2024). Answering the questionnaires by students and their statistical evaluation took place completely anonymously.
