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Authors
Wang, Dan Dan
Jiang, Xu
Hu, Bing Tao
Liu, Jing
Wang, Lu
Wan, Nan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
“Design and Utilization of Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Lactate Dehydrogenase Derived from Psychrophilic Microorganisms” (2024JH2/102600289)
Liaoning Provincial Applied Basic Research Program (2022JH2/101500025)
Independent Scientific Research Project of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (ZZKY2024032)
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee (Y9/2025/062), based on the relevant regulations of the “Administrative Measures for Investigator - Initiated Clinical Research (2024)” issued by the National Health Commission, the “Measures for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (2016)” issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, the “Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (2023)” jointly issued by the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, as well as the “Guidelines for the Construction of Ethical Review Committees for Clinical Research Involving Human Subjects (2023)” jointly formulated by the National Health Commission and the Chinese Hospital Association. The trial was registered at the Clinical Trial Registration Center on February 24, 2025 (NCT02694874).
: This study was exempted from the requirement for informed consent.
