Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Hamooya, Benson M.
Bosomprah, Samuel
Masenga, Sepiso K.
Mutengo, Katongo H.
Cheelo, Chilala
Siame, Lukundo
Simushi, Precious
Mwakyoma, Tuku
Mudenda, Jolezya
Mutale, Wilbroad
Halwiindi, Hikabasa
Bedimo, Roger
Shrestha, Sadeep
Chanda, Chitalu
Heimburger, Douglas C.
Lipworth, Loren
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Fogarty International Center (D43 TW012274)
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, VUMC to DCH (D43 TW009744)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 16 November 2025
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 3 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (MUSoMHS-REC) (Ref. No.: SMHS-MU3-2022-01 ) and the National Health Research Ethics Board (NHREB) (Ref. No.: NHREB00001/2/08/2022 ). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent after being informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, and potential risks and benefits in a language they could understand. Clinical trial registration number: Not applicable, as this study did not involve a clinical trial.
