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Authors
Ajakaye, Oluwaremilekun Grace
Adeyemi, Ehizogie Egbeobauwaye
Ali, Muhammad
Askira, Umoru Mohammed
Auta, Timothy
Balogun, Joshua Babalola
Dahal, Abednego Samuel
Effanga, Emmanuel Offiong
Njom, Victor Stephen
Onekutu, Amana
Grigg, Michael Ernest
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 29 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committees of the State Ministries of Health and Hospital Management Boards. Protocol numbers: OSHREC 16/4/2021/309 (Ministry of Health, Ondo State), ESUTHP/C-MAC/RA/034/VOL 3/120 (ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu), ADM/E22/A/VOL.VII/14831676 (University of Benin Teaching Hospital), CRS/MH/HREC/022/Vol. 1/216 (Ministry of Health, Cross River State), NHREC/09/23/2010B (Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos), NHREC/17/03/2030 (Ministry of Health, Kano state), MOH/ADM/SUB/1152/1/663 (Ministry of Health, Katsina State), HMB/OFF/215/VOL II/564 (Benue State Hospital Management Board) MOH/SEC3/1/60 (Ministry of Health Jigawa State), SHREC Approval No 116/2022 (Ministry of Health, Borno State). Informed consent was obtained from the parents or caregivers of all participants.
