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Article History

Received: 24 October 2025

Accepted: 25 March 2026

First Online: 28 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted as part of the first and second phase of main project on molecular surveillance of malaria in Mainland Tanzania (MSMT1 and MSMT2); and the protocols for these projects were approved by Medical Research Coordinating Committee (MRCC) of the Tanzanian National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR/HQ/R.8a/ Vol.IX/35798 and NIMR/HQ/R.8a/ Vol.IX/ 4847). The therapeutic efficacy study also received ethical approval certificate from the MRCC of NIMR (NIMR/HQ/R.8c/Vol.I/976), and from the WHO Ethics Review Committee (Tanzania Kagera 2021). Additional permission was obtained from the President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government. Parents or guardians of study children were provided with details of the study and gave written informed consent before recruitment. Free health care was provided to all enrolled patients throughout the follow-up period. Parents and guardians were provided with US$2 (about 5400 Tanzanian shillings) as travel expenses per visit. The principal investigator ensured that all screening forms, case report forms, and the completed subject identification code list (patient screening and enrolment logbooks) were kept in locked files that only study personnel could access.

: Permission to publish this manuscript was sought and obtained from the Director General of NIMR.