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Authors
Liu, Bowei
Qiao, Qian
Dang, Yalong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the International Science and Technology Co-operation Program of Henan (232102521033)
the Medical Education Research Project of Henan (WJLX2022165)
the Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Key Project (LHGJ20230956)
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of Sanmenxia Central Hospital approved this study (No.20191229) and waived the requirement for informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the data collection. All patient data were de-identified to protect privacy.
